UK Mps to vote on Gay Marriage

Gay marriage: MPs set to vote on proposals for the first time

MPs are set to get their first chance to vote on plans to allow same-sex marriages in England and Wales.

The Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Bill will be debated in Parliament on Tuesday 5 February, the leader of the Commons Andrew Lansley has announced.

The bill will allow same-sex marriage and let religious organisations which want to, to offer them, the culture department says.



The plans have divided the Conservative Party - its MPs will get a free vote.

Labour and the Lib Dems back the proposals to legalise same-sex marriage, but Labour said the exemption for the established Church was "disappointing".

The Church of England and Roman Catholics, among other denominations, have voiced opposition to the plans and are expected to oppose the bill, even with its caveats.

But some religious groups, including Quakers, Unitarians and Liberal Judaism, are in favour.

Culture Secretary Maria Miller told the Commons in December that no religious organisation "will ever be forced to conduct marriages for same-sex couples".

She said the legislation - which will published on Friday ahead of the bill's second reading - would include a "quadruple lock" to protect religious freedom.

Faith schools

The bill is set to specifically exclude the Church of England and Church in Wales to avoid a clash between Canon Law - which defines marriage as that between a man and a woman - and UK civil law.

But a spokesman for the Department for Culture, Media and Sport said that if the Church of England did want to opt-in to offering same-sex marriages it could, saying a process for doing so was to be set out in the bill.

A public consultation on plans for same-sex marriage received 228,000 submissions.

In its response to the consultation the government says it has no plans to change the definition of adultery or non-consummation of a marriage - which means neither could be cited as grounds for divorce in a same-sex marriage, unless the adultery was with someone of the opposite sex.

They also dismiss the fear that the terms "husband" and "wife" could be removed as a result of same sex marriages.

They also say that teachers "particularly in faith schools will be able to continue to describe their belief that marriage is between a man and woman whilst acknowledging and acting within the new legislative position which enables same sex-couples to get married".

The Scottish Government has published proposed legislation of its own to introduce gay marriage.

Under the plans, religious and faith groups would need to "opt in" to perform same-sex marriages.

Muslim patrols... in London

'Muslim patrol' investigation leads to double arrest

Homophobic attack filmed and uploaded to YouTube among a series of incidents by east London vigilante group

Two men have been arrested after a series of incidents in London saw members of the public harassed by self-styled vigilantes who posted footage of their activities online. One included a clip showing a man being subjected to homophobic abuse.



The incidents are believed to be linked to a group claiming to be behind "Muslim patrols" of Whitechapel. In the latest video in which a group of men described themselves as "vigilantes implementing Islam upon your own necks", a man is followed and told: "Get out of here you fag … Don't stay around here any more."

His pursuers tell him that he is "walking through a Muslim area dressed like a fag".

The East London Mosque has condemned the actions. It said in a statement last week that individuals claiming to be 'Muslim patrols' have been harassing members of the public on the streets of east London late at night, including outside the mosque after it has closed, and that it had contacted the police to alert them to the presence of the individuals and video.

"These actions are utterly unacceptable and clearly designed to stoke tensions and sow discord," it said.

"We wholly condemn them. The East London Mosque is committed to building co-operation and harmony between all communities in this borough. The actions of this tiny minority have no place in our faith nor on our streets.

The gay rights group, Stonewall, said: "This incident is yet another reminder of the homophobic abuse that gay people face all too often. We urge victims of all homophobic crimes and incidents to report them to the police and for the police to take action to protect gay people from these disturbing crimes."

The Metropolitan Police said that two men were arrested in connection with a series of incidents that took place over the course of 12-13 January in east London. Videos of the incidents were later uploaded onto YouTube.

A 22-year-old man was arrested in Acton on Sunday while a 19-year-old man voluntarily attended an east London police station on Monday.

A Met spokesperson said: "The pair were arrested on suspicion of GBH and Public Order offences and have been bailed to return to an east London police station on a dates in February and March pending further enquiries.

"The Metropolitan Police Service takes these incidents very seriously and is pursuing various lines of enquiry with a view to identifying and prosecuting the individuals concerned.

Mars May Have Had Life

Mars: 'Strongest evidence' planet may have supported life, scientists say

Minerals found underground on Mars are the "strongest evidence yet" that the planet may have supported life, according to new research.

The team, led by the Natural History Museum in London and the University of Aberdeen, said the ingredients for life could have been in a zone up to 5km down for much of the planet's history.

They used data from the US space agency (Nasa) and European Space Agency (Esa).

Nature Geoscience has published the research.

The team said the research backed up the existing theory that Mars could have supported life due to micro-organisms hidden beneath the surface.

They said that when meteorites strike the surface of Mars, they act as natural probes, bringing up rocks from far below.

The McLaughlin Crater is described as one such area of interest in the study.

Dr Joseph Michalski, lead author and planetary geologist at the Natural History Museum, said: "We don't know how life on Earth formed but it is conceivable that it originated underground, protected from harsh surface conditions that existed on early Earth.

"However, the early geological record of Earth is poorly preserved so we may never know what processes led to life's origin and early evolution.

"Whether the Martian geologic record contains life or not, analysis of these types of rocks would certainly teach us a tremendous amount about early chemical processes in the solar system.

"In this paper, we present a strong case for exploring the subsurface, as well as the surface.

"But I don't personally think we should try to drill into the subsurface to look for ancient life. Instead, we can study rocks that are naturally brought to the surface by meteor impact and search in deep basins where fluids have come to the surface."

'Be clever'

Co-author Prof John Parnell, geochemist at the University of Aberdeen, added: "This research has demonstrated how studies of Earth and Mars depend on each other.

"It is what we have observed of microbes living below the continents and oceans of Earth. They allow us to speculate on habitats for past life on Mars, which in turn show us how life on the early Earth could have survived.

"We know from Earth's history that planets face traumatic conditions such as meteorite bombardment and ice ages, when the survival of life may depend on being well-below ground.

"So it makes sense to search for evidence of life from that subsurface environment, in the geological records of both Earth and Mars.

"But it's one thing to do that on Earth - we need to be clever in finding a way to do it on Mars."

Thinking in the Garden...

Recently, i've found myself meditating on Jesus in Gethsemane and the events from there to the crucifixion (Matthew 26:36-46, Mark 14:32-42, Luke 22:39-46).

Often, we put the focus on Jesus' sacrifice from His and our perspective. But for some reason my mind has been constantly thinking about the Father's perspective.

God has been merciful and gracious to me in that He has allowed me to have a son of my own. In doing this, I've seen things a lot differently than I did before I was a father myself.



Quite often I see my attempts at discipline, correction and guidance towards my own son, and have had to pause and realise that all the things that I say and do to and for my son, God has been saying and doing towards me.

Quite often i'll say things like, 'why didn't you listen to me. If you'd listen to me you wouldn't have gotten hurt', then I think, that's exactly what God is saying to me.

So God is teaching me about His love and care towards me while I attempt to love and care for my own son.

As God reveals more and more of this aspect of Himself to me I started to think what must've been the Father's perspective on Jesus' sacrifice.

I do believe that we really don't think about it very often. We usually just tend to focus on what Jesus went through on our behalf. And although that's not necessarily a bad thing, I think we should often consider the Father's role in His Son's sacrifice.

-------

I once heard, what was supposed to be, an analogy of the crucifixion from both the Father's and the Son's perspective.

It went something like... A Father and Son maintain a train line. There's a problem on the tracks and there is a train filled with people oblivious to the fact that there is a problem on the tracks which will end up killing all of them.

The Father and Son sees this and realise that there is nothing they can do from where they are. Someone has to go to the tracks and manually fix it in order to save the train load of people.

The first problem is that because it has to be done manually, the person that goes will surely die. They will get run over by the train.

The second problem is that someone has to also stay behind to guide the other and make sure whatever the other does manually actually fixes the problem.

The Son agrees to go, and although the Father loves the Son, not taking this decision lightly, agrees for the Son to go.

The Son goes, fixes the track, gets run over by the train and dies. The Son sacrificed His life to save the train load of people.

-------

Now, when I first heard this analogy I thought it was excellent (keeping in mind this was a number of years ago). Now that i'm a bit more mature in the faith, I can see all sorts of problems with this analogy.

I'll only focus on one issue though, and it's the fact that the Son wasn't run over by an outside force (the train), He was "run over" by the Father Himself... knowingly.

I think we miss that quite often.

-------

In Gethsemane, we see Jesus praying to the Father and asking if it was any way possible that the cup could be passed from Him. The bible records that Jesus was in agony. So much so that we was starting to sweat blood, which is a medical condition that takes place when people are under intense pressure or stress. Jesus tells His disciples that His soul is sorrowful unto death.

We often assume that Jesus is talking about having to carry the sins of the world and dying for sinners. That this burden was so heavy and this is why He was so stressed.

I do believe that it does play a part, but I don't think that was the main issue here.

The main issue, I believe, is that Jesus would have to take the full force of the Father's wrath upon Himself.

It's this that caused Him the most pain, sorrow, and stress.

-------

The bible tells us that there is one God who exists in 3 "persons". The Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are God. The bible tells us that they have always been in relationship with each other, and that they always act in one accord.

The Father loves the Son, and has always done so.

So, the main issue that Jesus faced, was the wrath/punishment from the Father that loves Him.

This is what Jesus is actually talking about in Gethsemane.

When He mentions the cup, this is the cup of the Father's wrath. This is the cup that the Father has given the Son to drink.

As I consider this, I think of my son. Although he's only a small child, I find it extremely hard to imagine what it would be like for him, me punishing him for something he hasn't done.

Obviously, this would only be the case if Jesus didn't know what was going to happen, but we know from the old testament that this was planned all the way from the beginning in Genesis.

So Jesus willingly offered up Himself to take the wrath from the Father.

But just because someone willingly does something doesn't mean that they aren't a bit apprehensive. Especially when they are willingly going to experience something that they've never experienced before.

This is where Gethsemane comes in.

Jesus is apprehensive. He very purpose for entering creation was for what was about to take place. All of his mortal life was leading up to this point. At the same time, He is full of sorrow, grief, and stress because He has to receive the fury, and wrath of His Father who loves Him.

Imagine, loving someone so much, but still having to pour out all of your anger on them?

The bible tells us that Jesus was in agony as He was just about to drink from the cup the Father prepared, but what about the Father.

The Father must have also been in agony at having to pour out His wrath on His Son. To see His Son suffering at His own hands must've been extremely hard. He couldn't even ease up even a little as Jesus had to take the full force of the Father's wrath in our place in order for our sins to be paid.

-------

Again, now that I'm a father, it hurts to see my son in pain when he isn't at fault. Worse if something i've done has accidentally caused him pain. All I want to do is run to him, hold him tightly, and try and soothe him.

But the Father couldn't do that. Jesus had to fully bear our sins with no relief.

-------

To think, that my sins were so absolutely vile, that not only did an innocent man have to suffer and die, but that the Father had to mercilessly pour out His wrath against the innocent Son whom He loves so much.

Again, it might be because I have a son myself. A child whom I love. A child whom just the thought of anything happening to him really bothers me. I know that God's love is infinitely greater than mine and so it's hard for my to even fathom the emotions that the Father would've had in not sparing His Son on our behalf.

To punish the innocent in place of the guilty. To not spare the blameless for those who are to blame. To pour our anger and wrath upon your own Son, for the benefit of those who aren't related.

It's almost hard to grasp on an emotional level.

Perhaps this is why we rarely look at it from the Father's perspective.

Just a thought...

Maranatha

Beheadings in Nigeria

Nigerian militants suspected of Maiduguri beheadings

original article

Suspected militant Islamists have beheaded five people in Nigeria's north-eastern city of Maiduguri, a resident has told the BBC.

The men were attacked during raids on three homes overnight, he said in an account confirmed by a local reporter.

However, the military told the BBC only three people had been killed.



At least 23 others have been killed in separate attacks in the north this week blamed on militants wanting to impose Islamic law on Nigeria.

The insurgency was launched by Boko Haram in Maiduguri in 2009, but a second militant group, Ansaru, emerged last year.

Last month, suspected militants slit the throats of at least 15 Christians near Maiduguri.

In the latest attack, the assailants first beheaded a father and son at their home, before beheading two other men at their residence and a fifth person at another house in Maiduguri, said a resident, who spoke to the BBC Hausa service on condition of anonymity.

It is unclear who carried out the attacks or what their motives were, but there are strong suspicions that Boko Haram was involved, the resident said.

Hunters killed

A Maiduguri-based journalist confirmed the resident's account to the BBC.

But army spokesman Lt-Col Sagir Musa said suspected gunmen killed three people during the attack.

The joint task force - made up of soldiers and policemen - rushed to the scene when it was alerted, he said.

"It cordoned off the area, arrested three suspects and recovered one assault rifle with ten rounds of ammunition," Lt-Col Musa said.

"Two gunmen lost their lives and a soldier was wounded during an exchange of fire."

On Monday, gunmen apparently targeted hunters selling bush meat in Damboa in north-east Nigeria, killing 18 people, witnesses said.

Another five people died on Tuesday when a group of men playing draughts was attacked in Kano.

No group has said it is responsible for the attacks.

Strict Muslims believe it is forbidden to eat animals such as monkeys or to play games that could influence people to take up gambling.

These attacks followed an attempt on the life of the second most important Muslim leader in Nigeria, the Emir of Kano, whose convoy came under fire on Sunday. He survived but several of his guards were killed.

Boko Haram has been blamed for the deaths of some 1,400 people in central and northern Nigeria since 2010.

Last year alone, the group was linked to more than 600 deaths.

Ansaru announced its existence last June.

In December, it said it had kidnapped French national Francis Colump in the northern Katsina state.

Vicars on the Catwalk

Churchgoers flock to catwalk show for VICARS

original article

The Clergy Catwalk in Bristol showcased every item needed by the clergy, from candles and clerical shirts to collars and archbishops' robes.

Strutting their stuff on the clergy catwalk, churchgoers check out the latest in ecclesiastical wear during a fashion show for vicars.

Five members of the clergy showed off the new, cutting edge brightly-coloured robes at an event designed to shake off the 'dusty' image of the church.

The Clergy Catwalk in Bristol showcased every item needed by the clergy, from candles and clerical shirts to collars and archbishops' robes.

Blinged up crucifix and cross necklaces were also on show, along with a capsule collection of "leisure pieces" for the busy vicar.

The high fashion event saw hundreds of churchgoers jostle for a place on the show's front row as the group revealed cutting edge frocks in bright colours.

Steve Goddard, from the CRE, said the fashions - ranging from just £30 to more than £1,000 - were of great interest to those attending the exhibition.

He said: "The gear being modelled is by designers who specialise in clerical wear. Their companies are devoted to it.

"They design everything needed by members of the clergy, from clerical shirts and collars to archbishop's robes.

"We have ranges from two clothing designers, a t-shirt maker, and jewellery because of the current issue of wearing religious items as jewellery.

"The items range from robes to leisure pieces to wear around the parish when you might want to look more discreet, such as blouses for ladies and shirts for men."

The CRE was attended by 2,000 members of the clergy, who crowded round the catwalk at 11.30am for the 30 minute show.

A total of 20 items were modelled, with designs from respected Hayes and Finch and Juliet Hemingray - who created robes for former Archbishop of Canterbury George Carey's enthronement - on show.

Beth Allison, minister-in-training at Market Bosworth Free Church in Leics was the first to take to the catwalk, wearing a Lord's Prayer bead necklace by Silverfish Jewellery.

She was followed by retired United Reform Reverend Tom MacMeekin wearing a Juliet Hemingray "bling" chasuble.

Steve added: "This show-stopper has arm sections filled with vertical stripes of appliqued fabrics in gold and white, with a central panel a blend of brocade and metallic silks.

"It also features Swarovski crystals. Tom has always believed that ministers should wear bright colours instead of black, like a lot of members of clergy."

Murderer 'Forgiven by God'

Barry Reeve murder trial: Accused 'forgiven by God'

original article

A woman accused of murdering a 67-year-old man has told a court she was not responsible for his death and said: "I've been forgiven by God."

Jodie Barnes, 31, appeared at Norwich Crown Court wearing a crucifix and holding a Bible.

She and Kelly Barnes, 32, formerly of Bixley Close, Norwich, are accused of the torture and murder of retired bus conductor Barry Reeve.

Both women, who are civil partners, deny the charge.



Earlier, Kelly Barnes told the court they had visited Mr Reeve's bungalow in Corton Road, Norwich, on 9 February last year but claimed she did not witness an attack.

She then said her partner told her while they were both being held at Peterborough prison that she had killed Mr Reeve.

'The gospel truth'

Jodie Barnes, who asked to be called by her maiden name of Ramsbottom, denied making the confession.

"I prayed about this, it's the gospel truth that I have not said anything to Kelly about any incident," she said.

"I know I've been forgiven by God. I get visions from him all the time."

Jodie Barnes told the court the couple had spent up to £400 a week on heroin and crack cocaine and said that on the day of the killing they had no money.

The drug addicts visited Mr Reeve who had previously lent them money.

Her sexual services were offered to Mr Reeve by Kelly Barnes but he said he wanted Kelly instead, the jury heard.

She said there was a "ruck" and added: "Kelly freaked out, she did it, she did it. I was getting flashbacks about it in prison."

Still alive

Jodie Barnes admitted taking Mr Reeve's wallet as he lay injured, but denied returning to the bungalow later that night to empty the freezer.

She told the court Kelly Barnes had returned but she stayed at home "reading my Bible all night".

Prosecutor Karim Khalil QC has told the court the pair tortured Mr Reeve in an attempt to force him to disclose his bank account personal identification number.

He said that after the killing they made several attempts to withdraw money from a cash machine using his debit card, then took a taxi back to his home to steal valuables.

Pathologist Nat Cary said that he believed Mr Reeve had lived for at least 24 hours after the attack - meaning he was still alive when they returned.

Mr Reeve's body was found in his blood-spattered home two weeks later when his daughter called to visit.

The case continues.

Satan's Agenda...?

What is Satan's Agenda?

Why would I even think of such a question!?!

Well... I heard some news about somebody that killed someone with an axe and did it calmly showing no emotion. When he was done, he stayed by the body and waited for the police to come get him. When the police asked him why he did it he just told them "It's complicated. It's private."

This is what prompted the question.

So I ask again, what is Satan's agenda? What is his plan for mankind?



The quickest and easiest answer that resounds in my mind is that he wants to take us to hell with him. However, I honestly believe that it may be deeper than that, or not even that at all.

What does the Bible say?

The bible records for us some of the thoughts and actions that turned Lucifer into Satan.

If you do a word study on those names you can see that they are different. Although they belong to the same "person", they are two distinct "personalities". Lucifer means "day star" or "morning star". Satan means "adversary".

Lucifer is the name our God gave him before he sinned. Satan is the name our God gave him after he sinned.
Lucifer was an anointed cherub.

When we read Ezekiel 28:13-19 we see that these portions of scripture can be attributed to Lucifer because the king of Tyrus wasn't in the garden of Eden but Lucifer was. That is what Satan used to be.

Satan's wishes...?

If you read Isaiah 14:12-14 you will see that basically Satan wants to be God or like God.

Obviously, he doesn't qualify, but yet that is what he wants to be.

Here is where, I believe, his agenda starts.

I honestly believe that Satan thinks he can win against God. In Revelations, Satan actually brings war against God, usually referred to as Armaggedon.

I believe that Satan has become totally obsessed with his cause of becoming like God. So obsessed is he, that he is blind to the absolute power of the One that created him, even though he sees God's power all the time.

It seems that Satan's understanding and wisdom has been darkened since his sin. He sees God's power but yet still doesn't see that he can not possibly defeat him.

So... What does Satan want?

Those are the things I believe about Satan.

Yes, he knows about the bible, and what the bible says about him, but I don't think he believes it.

I don't think Satan's goal is to bring as many people to the lake of fire with him. If that was the case, he could just kill us when we reach an age of accountability. After all, we are born sinners. We are born separate from God (or are we?). So just being in the lake of fire with him couldn't be it.

I think what Satan wants is total devotion to him, as though he was God. I think that Satan wants people to acknowledge him, and follow him. That I believe is the Agenda of Satan.

Think about what caused his fall, pride. What do angels do in heaven? They deny themselves, cover their faces and point to God. But Satan no longer wants to do that. He wants to point to himself instead.

So I don't think that he is satisfied with people just not following the one true God, Christ Jesus.

Remember, because Satan is not God, he attempts to mimick God with his false prophecies and false miracles. He deceives people so that they would acknowledge him is though he was God.

So... Satan's ultimate goal is to have for himself, the worship and following of people as though he was God.

Total devotion to Satan and his will.

Thank God for Jesus. Thank God for salvation. Thank God for the Holy Spirit. Without God we would easily follow Satan as most of the world is doing in some shape or form. Salvation is truly a miracle gift from The Most High God. Amen.

What do you think is Satan's agenda?

Your Love Never Fails: Chris McClarney

Text books have Anatomy 'wrong' in early animals

Tetrapod anatomy: Backbone back-to-front in early animals

original article

Textbooks might have to be re-written when it comes to some of the earliest creatures, a study suggests.

Researchers have found that our understanding of the anatomy of the first four-legged animals is wrong. New 3D models of fossil remains show that previous renderings of the position of the beasts' backbones were actually back-to-front.



The findings, published in the journal Nature, may even change our thinking on how the spine evolved.
The scientists looked at a group of animals called the tetrapods, examining three creatures called Ichthyostega, Acanthostega and Pederpes.

These primitive four-legged animals are of great interest to palaeontologists: they were the first creatures to haul themselves out of the oceans, paving the way for all future vertebrate life on land.

Studying how these animals are put together is key to understanding how they made this transition.

The researchers from the University of Cambridge and the Royal Veterinary College (RVC) used the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) to bombard the 360-million-year old fossils with high energy X-rays.

This enabled them to create detailed computer reconstructions of the prehistoric animals.

RVC's Prof John Hutchinson said: "Their vertebrae are actually structurally completely different from what everyone for the last 150 or so years has pictured. The textbook examples turn out to be wrong."

The scientists found that parts of the spine thought to face the front of the animal, in fact faced the back - and vice versa.

They also discovered the earliest known evidence of a breastbone in Ichthyostega.

Prof Hutchinson said the findings provided more clues about how the early animals physically moved out of the water and on to land.

An earlier paper by the same team suggested that the tetrapods dragged themselves out of the sea, using their front legs to haul the rest of their body along the ground. The new anatomical findings backed this up, Prof Hutchinson said.

The study also shed more light on how the modern backbone evolved.

He explained: "All of that anatomy [from these early land animals ] was handed down to later animals.

"It influenced the future evolution of the spine in everything on land. It tells us about our own development and why our own backbones developed they way they did."

French Protest Against Same-Sex Marriage

Protesters rally against same-sex marriage in France

original article

 

(CNN) -- Hundreds of thousands of protesters took to the streets of Paris on Sunday decrying the French president's plan to legalize same-sex marriage and adoptions.

They converged near the Eiffel Tower, chanting and waving flags, posters and balloons.

"I do not personally agree with gay marriage as I am a Christian and believe what the Bible says about marriage being between one woman and one man for a life time," said CNN iReporter Oluwasegun Olowu-Davies, who shot video of the march with his phone.



"If your lifestyle doesn't allow you to conceive, there is a reason," he said.

Extending the right to marry and adopt to same-sex couples was one of President Francois Hollande's electoral pledges in campaigning last year.

After his win, the Cabinet approved a draft bill that is expected to go before the National Assembly and Senate soon. It is likely to be voted on in February or March. If passed, it would mark the biggest step forward for French gay rights advocates in more than a decade.

The plan faces stiff opposition from the Roman Catholic Church and social conservatives.

Cardinal Andre Vingt-Trois, the archbishop of Paris, voiced his opposition at a meeting of French bishops in Lourdes last year.

Opening up marriage to same-sex couples "would be a transformation of marriage that would affect everyone," he said.

At the same time, failing to recognize gender difference within marriage and the family would be a "deceit" that would rock the foundations of society and lead to discrimination between children, he said.

Other religious groups in France, including Muslims, Jews and Buddhists, have also expressed their concern over the draft bill, and more than 100 lawmakers are against the legislation, according to CNN affiliate BFMTV.

Hundreds of mayors around the country have also voiced their opposition, which has won wide backing from gay rights advocates.

The French gay, lesbian and transgender rights group Inter-LGBT said the law, if passed, "would be a major advance for our country in terms of equality of rights."

Lawmakers have a "unique opportunity" to put an end to outdated discrimination, the group said in a statement. "The law must allow all couples to unite themselves as they wish and must protect all families, without discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation or gender identity," it said.

A law legalizing civil unions was introduced in 1999 in France under a previous Socialist government.

Known in France as the PACS (pacte civil de solidarite), the civil union agreement can be entered into by gay or straight couples and confers many but not all of the rights of marriage.

Science tests wrinkled fingers

Science puts wrinkled fingers to the test

original article

Science may be getting closer to explaining those prune-like fingers and toes we all get when we sit in a hot bath too long.

UK researchers from Newcastle University have confirmed wet objects are easier to handle with wrinkled fingers than with dry, smooth ones.

They suggest our ancestors may have evolved the creases as they moved and foraged for food in wet conditions.



Their experiments are reported in the Royal Society journal Biology Letters.

These involved asking volunteers to pick up marbles immersed in a bucket of water with one hand and then passing them through a small slot to be deposited by the other hand in a second container.

Volunteers with wrinkled fingers routinely completed the task faster than their smooth-skinned counterparts.

The team found there was no advantage from ridged fingers when moving dry objects. This suggests that the wrinkles serve the specific function of improving our grip on objects under water or when dealing with wet surfaces in general.

For a long time, it was assumed that the wrinkles were simply the result of the skin swelling in water, but recent investigations have actually shown the furrows to be caused by the blood vessels constricting in reaction to the water, which in turn is a response controlled by the body's sympathetic nervous system.

That an active system of regulation is at work led scientists into thinking there must be some deeper evolutionary justification for the ridges.

"If wrinkled fingers were just the result of the skin swelling as it took up water, it could still have a function but it wouldn't need to," said Dr Tom Smulders, from Newcastle's Centre for Behaviour and Evolution.

"Whereas, if the nervous system is actively controlling this behaviour under some circumstances and not others, it seems less of a leap to assume there must be a function for it, and that evolution has selected it. And evolution wouldn't have selected it unless it conferred some sort of advantage," he told BBC News.

US-based researchers were the first to propose that the wrinkles might act like the tread on tyres, and even demonstrated how the patterns in the skin resembled those of run-off channels seen on the sides of hills.

Wet trees

What the Newcastle team has now done is confirm that prune-like fingers are indeed better at gripping wet objects.

"We have tested the first prediction of the hypothesis - that handling should be improved," Dr Smulders said.

"What we haven't done yet is show why - to see if the wrinkles remove the water, or whether it's some other feature of those wrinkles such as a change in their stickiness or plasticity, or something else. The next thing will be to measure precisely what's happening at that interface between the objects and the fingers."

Our ancestors might not have played with wet marbles, but having better gripping fingers and feet would certainly have been advantageous as they clambered about and foraged for food along lake-shores and by rivers.

It would be interesting to see, observed Dr Smulders, just how many other animals displayed this trait - in particular, in primates.

"If it's in many, many primates then my guess is that the original function might have been locomotion through wet vegetation or wet trees. Whereas, if it's just in humans that we see this then we might consider something much more specific, such as foraging in and along rivers and the like."

Haul of comets around other stars

'Exocomet' numbers nearly tripled in new study

original article

A new haul of comets around distant stars has been unveiled, more than doubling the number we know of.

The first such "exocomet" was discovered in 1987 but since then only three more had been found.

At the 221st American Astronomical Society meeting in the US, astronomer Barry Welsh gave details of seven more.



Proving that comets are common in the Universe has implications for their role in delivering water or even the building blocks of life to planets.

Comets such as Halley's Comet, which makes a long, elliptical path passing near the Sun every 75 years, make themselves known through their long "tails" of gas and debris that come off as they approach their host stars.

It is this that Dr Welsh and his collaborator Sharon Montgomery of Clarion University have measured, using the McDonald Observatory in Texas.

The exocomets' tails absorb a tiny amount of their host stars' light - and the absorption changes with time as the comets speed and slow.

With patient observation, the pair came up with seven new exocomet sightings.

In our Solar System, many comets come from the Kuiper belt, a disc of debris beyond the orbit of Neptune, and from the Oort cloud, an even larger and more distant debris disc.

Dr Welsh explained that these discs were characteristic "leftovers" of planet formation as we now understand it.

"Imagine a 'cosmic building site', where the building has already been made - the planets," he told BBC News.

"We're looking at what's left: the bricks, the mortar, the nails - the debris discs have comets, planetesimals, and asteroids."

But something must disturb the comets' orbits, putting them on a course toward their star.

While collisions between comets might do that, it is believed that the gravity of planets nearby can do the job.

In fact, in 1987 when the first exocomet was spotted around the star Beta Pictoris, it was hypothesized that a planet may have been responsible - and in 2009, a giant planet was found here.

Holds water

Recent years have seen a marked focus on exoplanets, with 461 new candidates and the prospect of billions more that are Earth-sized announced on Monday.

The new study helps illuminate the interplay between those planets and the debris discs from which they came - and in turn help to explain how our own Solar System formed.

"It looks as though the planet building process is very similar in many, many cases - and in order to prove that you need to look not only at the final product and also at the things they were made from," Dr Welsh said.

The finding of more and more comets also raises the possibility that comets could play a crucial role in delivery services.

"There are two theories: one is that comets early on in our Solar System's history brought ice to the planets, the ice melted and formed oceans," Dr Welsh explained.

"And the other one, perhaps a bit more far fetched, is that the organic [molecules in comets]… were the seeds of life on planets. And if comets are so common throughout all planetary systems, then perhaps life is as well."

'Mark of the Beast' Student Loses Case

Pupil Hernandez, who refused to wear RFID, loses appeal

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A Texan student who refused to wear a badge with a radio tag that tracked her movements has lost a federal court appeal against her school's ID policy.

The radio chips track attendance, which in turn helps secure school funding.

But Andrea Hernandez, 15, stopped wearing the badge on religious grounds, saying it was the "mark of the beast".



After John Jay High School suspended her, she went to court and won a temporary injunction to continue going to the school, without the badge.

The federal court ruling overturned that, saying if she was to stay at the school, she would be required to wear the badge. Otherwise, she would have to transfer to a new school.

The new identification policy at the Northside Independent School District (NISD) in San Antonio, Texas, began at the start of the 2012 school year.

John Jay High School is one of two schools piloting the programme, which eventually aims to equip all student badges across the district's 112 schools with radio-frequency identification (RFID) chips.

The badges reveal each student's location on their campus, giving the district more precise information on attendance.

The daily average of the attendance is related to how much funding each school receives.

But Miss Hernandez said the badge was the "mark of the beast", as described in chapter 13 of the Book of Revelation in the Bible.

She refused to wear it even after the school had offered to remove the RFID chip.

"Today's court ruling affirms NISD's position that we did make reasonable accommodation to the student by offering to remove the RFID chip from the student's smart ID badge," the district said in a statement.

Cameroon Court Frees 2 Men Who 'Looked Gay'

Cameroon court acquits 2 men imprisoned for 'looking gay'

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(CNN) -- A Cameroon appeals court has acquitted two men found guilty of homosexuality because they wore women's clothes and ordered a cream-based liqueur, according to rights groups.

Jonas Kimie and Franky Ndome were arrested outside a nightclub and sentenced to five years in prison in November 2011.

"The acquittal of two Cameroonian men jailed for looking gay because they wore women's clothes exposes the systematic discrimination against perceived homosexuals in the country," Amnesty International said in a statement.

The conviction was based on stereotypes because authorities never saw them engage in homosexual acts, according to their lawyer.

"The judge who originally sentenced them had stated that the way they dressed, the way they spoke, and the fact that they drank Bailey's Irish Cream proved they were gay," their lawyer, Alice N'Kom, told global gay rights group All Out, which launched a petition demanding the men's release.

The court overturned the conviction Monday, but it was unclear whether they have left prison.

Homosexuality is illegal in Cameroon, where sodomy laws were introduced during colonialism. Sentences for homosexual acts vary between six months to five years.

Rights groups applauded the ruling, but called on the nation to free others imprisoned under anti-gay laws.

Last month, a Cameroon appeals court upheld a three-year sentence against a man convicted of homosexuality for texting his male friend to say, "I'm very much in love with you."

The university student was arrested in 2011 after the man who received the message tipped off authorities.

Authorities in the west African nation were not immediately available for comment.

A series of countries have criminalized homosexuality, but prosecutions are rare.

In Uganda, homosexual acts are punishable by 14 years to life, but lawmakers are trying to introduce a bill that toughens the law.

Giant Squid is a Breakthrough

Giant Squid in Ocean Depths is a Big Breakthrough

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(CNN) -- The first ever video footage of a giant squid swimming in the ocean depths is "an enormous breakthrough," according to a prominent marine conservationist who wrote a book about the quest to find the mysterious creatures.

"People have been searching for them for hundreds of years, literally," said Richard Ellis, the author of "The Search for the Giant Squid: The Biology and Mythology of the World's Most Elusive Sea Creature."

Scientists and television broadcasters released images this week of the 10-foot-long giant squid they had filmed deep in the Pacific Ocean, far off the coast of the Japanese mainland, during hundreds of hours of underwater research.

The discovery is significant for both science and mythology, in which giant squids have long played a notable role, Ellis said in an interview on CNN.

"We're going to learn how this thing moves," he said. "How it swims, what it does with its arms when it swims."

He described the squid as having eight arms and "two very, very long tentacles which it uses to grasp its prey." Its limbs have suckers lined with sharp teeth.

Monsters reminiscent of giant squids have been featured in fables and imagery through the ages, like the Kraken in Norse legend and the Scylla in Greek mythology.

"For a long time, people didn't even think they existed," Ellis said.

The carcasses of dead giant squid that washed ashore eventually proved that the creatures were real, but finding live ones in the wild has proved extremely challenging.

The first still photographs of one of the huge creatures were captured in 2004, and footage was taken of one floating on the surface of the water in 2006. But researchers and cameramen had never before managed to catch a glimpse of them in the ocean abyss where they live.

The mission that finally tracked down the creature involved 55 dives in two special submersible vehicles that spent a total of more than 285 hours far beneath the waves. Some of the dives went deeper than 3,000 feet.

The team of scientists and filmmakers on the mission came from a variety of institutions, including the National Science Museum of Japan, the Discovery Channel and the Japanese broadcaster NHK.

They used equipment including "ultra-sensitive camera systems with light invisible to squid, bio luminescent lures and secret squid attractants," the Discovery Channel said.

NHK and the Discovery Channel say they plan to air their programs about the squid sighting this month.

Saudi teen, 70 year-old man divorce

Saudi teen, 70 year-old man divorce

original article

(CNN) -- A divorce has been granted in the case of a Saudi teenager who was wed to a 70-year-old man, Saudi Arabia's Human Rights Commission told CNN on Wednesday.

The man was the focus of outrage this week when he said his bride's family fooled him into paying a $20,000 dowry but then took their daughter back. The commission said the two fought and she ran away, back to her family.

In Saudi Arabia, no law stipulates a minimum age for marriage. There's been a push for that in recent years, but extremely conservative religious scholars have pushed back.

The man told CNN that he is 70, but the commission said they believe he is 86. The man also told CNN that he thought his bride to be was 25.

After learning of the marriage, the commission sent an investigator to the girl's home in Al-Hurath village in Jizan province, in southwestern Saudi Arabia near the border with Yemen.

Dr. Hadi Al-Yami, who runs the commission's branch that covers that area, told CNN that the group sent an investigator to a courthouse where the man had complained to a local official.

The commission then reached out to the girl's family, offering legal help, Al-Yami said.

On Wednesday, Dr. Bandar Alaiban, the commission's president, said a meeting had taken place with the parents, man and the girl.

"A divorce has taken place," Alaiban told CNN, "and the dispute has now been resolved amicably."

The marriage angered human rights groups and activists.

Dr. Suhaila Zein al-Abedin of the Saudi National Association for Human Rights -- also a government-backed group -- voiced concern not only about the age difference, but the circumstances of the marriage.

"When you consider the very large difference in age, it looks more like this was not a marriage, but like the girl was sold," al-Abedin said. "The girl's parents need to be held responsible for this."

Prominent Egyptian activist Mona Eltahawy tweeted, "It's only when there's enough public outrage that we can fight #childmarriage. We are not angry enough to help that 15 y/o & others like her."

Yemeni activist NoonArabia tweeted, "#ChildMarriage is a violation of human rights http://www.humanrightsdefence.org/child-marriage-as-an-human-rights-issue.html ... #RunAwayBride #PTs."